LEDs
LEDs
The use of lighting devices based on LED glow, is now at the peak of popularity, but not everyone has an idea of what is, these LEDs, what the principles of their operation and what their benefits. LEDs can buy in the present time in many stores, but to understand that yes alone is not so simple.
LEDs - these devices that shine from the contact with electricity, in a straight stream exclusively in one direction. Another name as an acronym for LED is borrowed from English, where it sounds like a light emitting diode.
p> If we talk about the structure of LEDs, all LEDs contain semiconductor crystals whose substrate is conductive, a housing containing contact pins, and an optical lens. For reliability, transparent silicone is used as a space filler - from the crystal to the lens - in LEDs. The material from which the base is made is aluminum, and its function is to conduct excess heat.
The light emitted by LEDs is limited to 10 possible color options. The spectrum available: infrared, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, magenta, ultraviolet and white. If conventional incandescent bulbs get the desired color by using an external light filter, and because of this are able to offer a wide spectral range, the LEDs initially emit a specific color of light, its emission range is primarily due to the chemical composition of the semiconductors that were used. This is a very significant argument to dare to buy LEDs, rather than seemingly years of proven light bulbs. It is customary to determine the color temperature by looking at the Kelvin scale. The lower is close to the red, higher - to blue.
LED technology involves recombination of electrons and holes at the p-n junction of a semiconductor crystal. The p-n junction site is obtained by contacting two semiconductors whose conductivity is of a different type. For this purpose, different impurities are introduced into the near-contact layers. Thus, on one side are chosen acceptor and on the other - donor.
As a result, if we compare LEDs with other electric light sources, they are distinguished:
- High light output. Proceeding from the index of 160 lumens per 1 watt, the light efficiency of LEDs was compared to indicators of luminous efficiency of sodium discharge lamps and metal halide lamps.
- Low inertia. LED lamps shine brightly right after switching on, and do not light up for a certain period of time, as it happens with energy-saving lamps.
- Increased durability, vibration resistance. Primarily due to the absence of particularly sensitive elements, such as filament.
- Insensitive to significant sub-zero temperatures.
- Environmentally friendly. Thanks to technology, LEDs have no mercury, phosphorus, UV and infrared radiation, which can not be said, for example, about fluorescent lamps.
- Safety, because LEDs operate at low voltage.
- A longer service life, up to 100 thousand working hours (minimum - 30 thousand, all depends on the specific variant), and it is known that the "color" glow is more "durable" than white, and of the "color" the most "enduring" can be called red and yellow.
If you translate it into years, then for office work, where the length of the day - eight hours, LED lighting will last for about 34 years. Moreover, if the number of individual on-off switch reduces the life of discharge lamps and incandescent bulbs, the lifetime of LED devices on the number of "flipping" switch does not affect.
- The assortment of options available with different angles of radiation - from 15 degrees to the unfolded angle. Especially recommend to pay attention to high-power LEDs.
- The ability to choose between warm and cool shades of white.
The standard glow of warm white is 2700-2800 Kelvin.
It usually illuminate the interiors, because the room wooden furniture and textiles are usually warm and pastel, so cold will cause discomfort. In addition, a warm shade of white is good for lighting theaters, movie theaters, concert halls, kindergartens, restaurants, bookstores, grocery stores (except for seafood departments), clothing stores and boutiques selling textiles.
The standard glow of cool white is 6400-6500 Kelvin.
It is office lighting that perfectly blends in with office furniture, it is endowed with the property of conveying all the colors and contrasts much more naturally. This is why it is also usually chosen for lobbies, design offices, art studios, treatment rooms, laboratories, supermarkets, seafood, stationery and refrigerator sectors. You can tell right away if your designer is professional enough when they design the lighting. Refusing to buy LEDs and use them in the interior is a clear sign of a retrograde designer. In addition, cool white is used for lighting exhibitions, highlighting photographs, on watch and jewelry counters.
Because of the high contrast of this lighting, cold lighting is recommended for work with small objects, in the printing industry, and for electrical and mechanical assembly.
Mid-range luminance, around 4,000 Kelvin, is referred to as natural white.
It is needed in rooms that combine artificial and natural light. These are bathrooms, official facilities, schools, storage areas, gymnasiums, flower stores. LEDs will do a great job with this.
Natural white is very refreshing. It goes well with environments that have chrome, glass, and marble surfaces.
Автор: LEDProm
